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arXiv 0707.0634astro-ph
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棕矮星射电活动的偶发长期变化

Sporadic Long-term Variability in Radio Activity from a Brown Dwarf

A. Antonova, J. G. Doyle, G. Hallinan, A. Golden, C. Koen

摘要:

射电活动已经在大量的恒星物体中被观测到,包括在过去几年中,超冷矮星。为了探索超冷矮星长期无线电活动的程度,我们使用2006年9月从源2 MASS J 05233822 -1403022的超大型阵列中获得的9小时延长期的数据,加上2004年获得的数据。2006年9月进行的观测未能探测到8.46千兆赫的任何无线电活动。对早期数据的仔细检查显示,辐射源从2004年5月3日的零检测到2004年5月17日的$\approx$ 95 $μ$ Jy,到2004年6月18日的230 $μ$ Jy。2006年9月没有探测到,这表明在8.46 GHz处至少有10倍的通量变化。三次短的光度测定运行未显示任何光学可变性。除了观察到来自另一个超冷源的无线电通量的脉冲性质之外,目前的观测表明,超冷矮星可能不仅仅是脉冲,而且还可以在其静态无线电发射水平上显示长期的零星变化。缺乏光学光度变化表明,在最新的VLA观测时没有大规模的斑点,尽管小的非常高纬度的斑点与低倾角相结合可能会导致非常低的幅度旋转调制,这可能是无法测量的。我们在回旋同步辐射和电子回旋脉泽的背景下讨论了射电发射的这种巨大变化,支持后一种机制。

英文摘要:

Radio activity has been observed in a large variety of stellar objects, including in the last few years, ultra-cool dwarfs. To explore the extent of long-term radio activity in ultra-cool dwarfs, we use data taken over an extended period of 9 hr from the Very Large Array of the source 2MASS J05233822-1403022 in September 2006, plus data taken in 2004. The observation taken in September 2006 failed to detect any radio activity at 8.46 GHz. A closer inspection of earlier data reveals that the source varied from a null detection on 3 May 2004, to $\approx$95 $μ$Jy on 17 May 2004, to 230 $μ$Jy on 18 June 2004. The lack of detection in September 2006 suggests at least a factor of ten flux variability at 8.46 GHz. Three short photometric runs did not reveal any optical variability. In addition to the observed pulsing nature of the radio flux from another ultra-cool source, the present observations suggests that ultra-cool dwarfs may not just be pulsing but can also display long-term sporadic variability in their levels of quiescent radio emission. The lack of optical photometric variability suggests an absence of large-scale spots at the time of the latest VLA observations, although small very high latitude spots combined with a low inclination could cause very low amplitude rotational modulation which may not be measurable. We discuss this large variability in the radio emission within the context of both gyrosynchrotron emission and the electron-cyclotron maser, favoring the latter mechanism.

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