理想气体中量子布朗粒子的弛豫动力学
Relaxation dynamics of a quantum Brownian particle in an ideal gas
摘要：
我们展示了如何描述布朗运动的Fokker-Planck方程的量子模拟可以作为量子线性Boltzmann方程的扩散极限。后者描述了示踪粒子在稀释的，理想气体的量子动力学通过一个双折射协变主方程。我们讨论的类型所需的近似，以获得广义形式的Caldeira-Leggett主方程，以及他们的物理理由。通过分析薛定谔和海森堡图像中方程的极限形式，得到了扩散系数和弛豫系数的微观表达式。
英文摘要：
We show how the quantum analog of the Fokker-Planck equation for describing Brownian motion can be obtained as the diffusive limit of the quantum linear Boltzmann equation. The latter describes the quantum dynamics of a tracer particle in a dilute, ideal gas by means of a translation-covariant master equation. We discuss the type of approximations required to obtain the generalized form of the Caldeira-Leggett master equation, along with their physical justification. Microscopic expressions for the diffusion and relaxation coefficients are obtained by analyzing the limiting form of the equation in both the Schroedinger and the Heisenberg picture.
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