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arXiv 0706.3047astro-ph
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Ibc型超新星的射电性质

The Radio Properties of Type Ibc Supernovae

Alicia M. Soderberg

摘要:

在过去的几年里,长持续时间的伽马射线暴(GRB),包括X射线闪光(XRF)的子类,已被发现是Ibc型超新星(SN Ibc)的一种罕见的变种。虽然所有这些事件都是大质量恒星死亡的结果,但GRB和XRF的电磁光度超过普通的Ibc型SNe许多数量级。观测到的恒星死亡的多样性对应于爆炸喷出物的能量、速度和几何形状的巨大变化。通过对最近的GRB、XRF和SNe Ibc的多波长(射电、光学、X射线)观测,我发现GRB和XRF与相对论物质的耦合度至少为10^48 erg,而SNe Ibc与其最快(尽管非相对论)流出的耦合度通常小于10^48 erg。具体来说,我发现只有不到3%的当地SNe Ibc显示出与GRB或XRF相关的任何证据。最近,发现了一类新的伽玛暴和X射线荧光,与统计样本的伽玛暴相比,它们是欠发光的。由于它们微弱的高能发射,这些次高能爆发只能在附近(z < 0.1)检测到,并且可能比宇宙学GRB多10倍。与当地SNe Ibc和典型的GRB/XRF相比,这些爆炸在体积速率和能量方面都是中等的。然而,导致垂死恒星产生GRB,XRF或亚能量爆发的基本物理过程,而不仅仅是SN,仍然是一个关键的悬而未决的问题。要取得进展,需要对普通超新星Ibc有详细的了解,这将在不久的将来随着宽视场光学勘测的启动而得到促进。

英文摘要:

Over the past few years, long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), including the subclass of X-ray flashes (XRFs), have been revealed to be a rare variety of Type Ibc supernova (SN Ibc). While all these events result from the death of massive stars, the electromagnetic luminosities of GRBs and XRFs exceed those of ordinary Type Ibc SNe by many orders of magnitude. The observed diversity of stellar death corresponds to large variations in the energy, velocity, and geometry of the explosion ejecta. Using multi-wavelength (radio, optical, X-ray) observations of the nearest GRBs, XRFs, and SNe Ibc, I show that while GRBs and XRFs couple at least 10^48 erg to relativistic material, SNe Ibc typically couple less than 10^48 erg to their fastest (albeit non-relativistic) outflows. Specifically, I find that less than 3% of local SNe Ibc show any evidence for association with a GRB or XRF. Recently, a new class of GRBs and XRFs has been revealed which are under-luminous in comparison with the statistical sample of GRBs. Owing to their faint high-energy emission, these sub-energetic bursts are only detectable nearby (z < 0.1) and are likely 10 times more common than cosmological GRBs. In comparison with local SNe Ibc and typical GRBs/XRFs, these explosions are intermediate in terms of both volumetric rate and energetics. Yet the essential physical process that causes a dying star to produce a GRB, XRF, or sub-energetic burst, and not just a SN, remains a crucial open question. Progress requires a detailed understanding of ordinary SNe Ibc which will be facilitated with the launch of wide-field optical surveys in the near future.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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