arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 0706.2186astro-phgr-qchep-th
收藏

宇宙加速、暗能量与基础物理

Cosmic Acceleration, Dark Energy and Fundamental Physics

Michael S. Turner, Dragan Huterer

摘要:

一个环环相扣的观测网络已经确定,宇宙的膨胀正在加速而不是减速,揭示了某种形式的排斥引力的存在。在广义相对论的背景下,宇宙加速的原因是一种高度弹性(p \sim -ρ),非常平滑的能量形式,称为"暗能量“,占宇宙的75%左右。对暗能量的"最简单“解释是与量子真空相关的零点能量密度;然而,对其值的所有估计都太大了许多数量级。其他关于暗能量的想法包括非常轻的标量场或拓扑缺陷的缠结网络。另一种解释则引用了超越广义相对论的引力物理学。正在进行的观测和实验以及计划在未来十年进行的更精确的宇宙学测量和实验室实验将测试暗能量是否是真空的量子能量或更奇异的东西,以及广义相对论是否可以自洽地解释宇宙加速。暗能量是物理学中超越标准模型的最显著的例子,也可能是所有科学中最深奥的谜团。

英文摘要:

A web of interlocking observations has established that the expansion of the Universe is speeding up and not slowing, revealing the presence of some form of repulsive gravity. Within the context of general relativity the cause of cosmic acceleration is a highly elastic (p\sim -rho), very smooth form of energy called ``dark energy'' accounting for about 75% of the Universe. The ``simplest'' explanation for dark energy is the zero-point energy density associated with the quantum vacuum; however, all estimates for its value are many orders-of-magnitude too large. Other ideas for dark energy include a very light scalar field or a tangled network of topological defects. An alternate explanation invokes gravitational physics beyond general relativity. Observations and experiments underway and more precise cosmological measurements and laboratory experiments planned for the next decade will test whether or not dark energy is the quantum energy of the vacuum or something more exotic, and whether or not general relativity can self consistently explain cosmic acceleration. Dark energy is the most conspicuous example of physics beyond the standard model and perhaps the most profound mystery in all of science.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑