用反射振幅表示的均匀表面附近电磁涨落的一般理论
General theory of electromagnetic fluctuations near a homogeneous surface, in terms of its reflection amplitudes
摘要：
本文导出了均匀材料表面外脉动电磁场的新的一般表达式。该分析基于不可逆过程热力学的一般结果，并且不需要考虑材料内部，因为它只使用其表面的反射振幅的知识。因此，我们的结果是有效的所有均匀的表面，包括层状系统和超材料，在所有温度下。特别是，我们获得了新的公式的近场区域，这是重要的解释众多目前的实验探测邻近效应的宏观和/或微观机构分开的小的空的差距。利用Onsager的互易关系，我们还得到了任何材料的反射矩阵必须满足的一般对称性。
英文摘要：
We derive new general expressions for the fluctuating electromagnetic field outside a homogeneous material surface. The analysis is based on general results from the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, and requires no consideration of the material interior, as it only uses knowledge of the reflection amplitudes for its surface. Therefore, our results are valid for all homogeneous surfaces, including layered systems and metamaterials, at all temperatures. In particular, we obtain new formulae for the near-field region, which are important for interpreting the numerous current experiments probing proximity effects for macroscopic and/or microscopic bodies separated by small empty gaps. By use of Onsager's reciprocity relations, we obtain also the general symmetry properties that must be satisfied by the reflection matrix of any material.
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