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arXiv 0706.0519astro-ph
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黑洞和球体的宇宙演化。II:z=0.36时的标度关系

Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. II: Scaling Relations at z=0.36

Tommaso Treu, Jong-Hak Woo, Matthew A. Malkan, Roger D. Blandford

摘要:

我们将哈勃空间望远镜拍摄的20个赛弗特星系的z=0.36样本图像与凯克望远镜的光谱信息相结合,确定了黑洞质量-椭球体光度关系(M-L)、宿主星系的基本面(FP)和M-sigma关系。假设纯光度演化,我们发现,对于一个固定的M,宿主球状体有较小的光度和恒星速度色散比今天。对于M-L和M-sigma关系,偏移分别对应于Δ log L_B,0 =0.40+-0.11+-0.15(Δ log M = 0.51+-0.14+-0.19)和Δ log sigma = 0.13 +-0.03 +-0.05(Δ log M = 0.54+-0.12+-0.21)。对已知的系统误差和选择效应的详细分析表明,它们不能解释观测到的偏移。这些数据与纯光度演化和普遍的紧标度关系的存在是不一致的。为了在z=0时遵守三个定域标度关系,在未来40亿年内,遥远的球状体必须将其恒星质量增长约60%(Δlog M_sph=0.20+-0.14)。测量的演化可以表示为M/ M_sph ~(1+z)^{1.5+-1.0}。基于一小部分样品(6/20)的扰动形态,我们建议与盘主导系统的碰撞合并作为演化机制。

英文摘要:

We combine Hubble Space Telescope images of a sample of 20 Seyfert galaxies at z=0.36 with spectroscopic information from the Keck Telescope to determine the black hole mass - spheroid luminosity relation (M-L), the Fundamental Plane (FP) of the host galaxies and the M-sigma relation. Assuming pure luminosity evolution, we find that the host spheroids had smaller luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion than today for a fixed M. The offsets correspond to Delta log L_B,0=0.40+-0.11+-0.15 (Delta log M = 0.51+-0.14+-0.19) and Delta log sigma = 0.13+-0.03+-0.05 (Delta log M = 0.54+-0.12+-0.21), respectively for the M-L and M-sigma relation. A detailed analysis of known systematic errors and selection effects shows that they cannot account for the observed offset. The data are inconsistent with pure luminosity evolution and the existence of universal and tight scaling relations. To obey the three local scaling relations by z=0 the distant spheroids have to grow their stellar mass by approximately 60% (Δlog M_sph=0.20+-0.14) in the next 4 billion years. The measured evolution can be expressed as M/ M_sph ~ (1+z)^{1.5+-1.0}. Based on the disturbed morphologies of a fraction of the sample (6/20) we suggest collisional mergers with disk-dominated systems as evolutionary mechanism.

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