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arXiv 0705.4614astro-ph
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Mira变星S Ori:光球、分子层、尘埃壳层和SiO脉泽壳层之间的关系

The Mira variable S Ori: Relationships between the photosphere, molecular layer, dust shell, and SiO maser shell at 4 epochs

M. Wittkowski, D. A. Boboltz, K. Ohnaka, T. Driebe, M. Scholz

摘要:

我们提出了第一个多时代的研究,包括并发的中红外和无线电干涉富氧的米拉星。在2004年12月和2005年12月之间的四个时期,我们获得了中红外干涉测量的S Ori与VLTI/VLTI。我们同时观测到v=1,J=1-0(43.1GHz)和v=2,J=1-0(42.8GHz)SiO脉泽向S Ori方向的辐射。使用包括分子层在内的自激动力学模型大气,辅之以星周尘埃壳层的辐射转移模型,对近地天体数据进行了分析。VLBA数据被简化为脉泽斑的空间结构和运动学。对我们的观测数据进行建模,得到相位相关的连续光球角直径在7.9质量(相位0.55)和9.7质量(相位1.16)之间。尘埃壳可以最好地模拟与Al 2 O3晶粒使用相位相关的内边界半径之间的1.8和2.4光球半径。在最小视区附近,光学厚度越大,尘埃壳越致密;在最大视区之后,光学厚度越小,尘埃壳越伸展。SiO脉泽环半径与光球半径之比约在1.9和2.4之间。脉泽斑点标记的区域的分子大气层刚刚超出了急剧下降的中红外模型的强度分布。其速度结构表明径向气体膨胀。Al_2O_3尘埃颗粒和SiO脉泽斑形成于相对较小的半径,即1.8-2.4个光球半径。我们的研究结果表明,增加的质量损失和尘埃形成接近表面附近的最小视觉阶段,当Al 2 O3尘埃颗粒是共同定位的分子气体和SiO脉泽壳,和一个更扩大的尘埃壳后,视觉最大。硅似乎并没有被束缚在尘埃中,因为我们的数据显示没有硅酸盐颗粒的迹象。

英文摘要:

We present the first multi-epoch study that includes concurrent mid-infrared and radio interferometry of an oxygen-rich Mira star. We obtained mid-infrared interferometry of S Ori with VLTI/MIDI at four epochs between December 2004 and December 2005. We concurrently observed v=1, J=1-0 (43.1 GHz), and v=2, J=1-0 (42.8 GHz) SiO maser emission toward S Ori with the VLBA at three epochs. The MIDI data are analyzed using self-excited dynamic model atmospheres including molecular layers, complemented by a radiative transfer model of the circumstellar dust shell. The VLBA data are reduced to the spatial structure and kinematics of the maser spots. The modeling of our MIDI data results in phase-dependent continuum photospheric angular diameters between about 7.9 mas (Phase 0.55) and 9.7 mas (Phase 1.16). The dust shell can best be modeled with Al2O3 grains using phase-dependent inner boundary radii between 1.8 and 2.4 photospheric radii. The dust shell appears to be more compact with greater optical depth near visual minimum, and more extended with lower optical depth after visual maximum. The ratios of the SiO maser ring radii to the photospheric radii are between about 1.9 and 2.4. The maser spots mark the region of the molecular atmospheric layers just beyond the steepest decrease in the mid-infrared model intensity profile. Their velocity structure indicates a radial gas expansion. Al2O3 dust grains and SiO maser spots form at relatively small radii of 1.8-2.4 photospheric radii. Our results suggest increased mass loss and dust formation close to the surface near the minimum visual phase, when Al2O3 dust grains are co-located with the molecular gas and the SiO maser shells, and a more expanded dust shell after visual maximum. Silicon does not appear to be bound in dust, as our data show no sign of silicate grains.

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