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arXiv 0705.4399astro-ph
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斯皮策-IRAC GLIMPSE的高质量原恒星物体。红外点源和星云

Spitzer-IRAC GLIMPSE of high mass protostellar objects. I Infrared point sources and nebulae

M. S. N. Kumar, J. M. C. Grave

摘要:

GLIMPSE档案被用来获得3.6- 8.0微米的点源测光和位于银河系中平面的381颗大质量原恒星候选者的图像。分析了381个目标场中各源的颜色、震级和光谱指数,并与二维辐射转移模式模拟的预测值进行了比较。虽然在任何目标中都没有发现可辨别的嵌入式星团,但在许多来源中发现了多个重新命名的年轻恒星天体的来源或协会,表明出生时的多样性。这些点源在3.6- 8.0 μ m波段的光谱指数($α$)显示出$α$ =2- 5的大值。一个颜色的幅度模拟图被用来确定79个红外对应的HMPO。紧凑的星云被发现在75%的检测源的形态,可以很好地描述的核心晕,彗星,壳状和双极的几何形状类似于超紧凑的HII地区观察到的。与二维辐射转移模型相比,HMPO的IR对应物的IRAC带SED最好描述为代表质量范围为8- 20 \msun的YSO在其I类阶段。他们还认为,高$α$值代表了在致密包层中产生的再处理的恒星/恒星+盘发射。因此,我们看到的是原恒星周围的发光外壳,而不是它们的光球或圆盘。我们认为,紧凑的红外星云可能反映了致密核心的基本物理结构,并发现模仿已知的UCHII地区的形态。我们的研究结果有利于模型的持续吸积涉及分子和电离吸积组件,以建立最大质量的恒星,而不是纯粹的分子快速吸积流。

英文摘要:

The GLIMPSE archive was used to obtain 3.6--8.0micron, point source photometry and images for 381 massive protostellar candidates lying in the Galactic mid-plane. The colours, magnitudes and spectral indicies of sources in each of the 381 target fields were analysed and compared with the predictions of 2D radiative transfer model simulations. Although no discernable embedded clusters were found in any targets, multiple sources or associations of redenned young stellar objects were found in many sources indicating multiplicity at birth. The spectral index ($α$) of these point sources in 3.6--8.0mum bands display large values of $α$=2--5. A color-magnitude analog plot was used to identify 79 infrared counterparts to the HMPOs. Compact nebulae are found in 75% of the detected sources with morphologies that can be well described by core-halo, cometary, shell-like and bipolar geometries similar to those observed in ultra-compact HII regions. The IRAC band SEDs of the IR counterparts of HMPOs are best described to represent YSOs with a mass range of 8--20\msun in their Class I stages when compared with 2D radiative transfer models. They also suggest that the high $α$ values represent reprocessed star/star+disk emission that is arising in the dense envelopes. Thus we are witnessing the luminous envelopes around the protostars rather than their photospheres or disks. We argue that the compact infrared nebulae likely reflect the underlying physical structure of the dense cores and are found to imitate the morphologies of known UCHII regions. Our results favour models of continuuing accretion involving both molecular and ionised accretion components to build the most massive stars rather than purely molecular rapid accretion flows.

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