光学量子计算讲义
Lecture notes on Optical Quantum Computing
摘要：
量子计算机是一种利用量子力学定律，能够比经典计算机更快地执行某些计算的机器。量子计算机还不存在，因为要控制量子力学系统到必要的程度是极其困难的。更重要的是，我们目前还不知道哪种物理系统最适合制造量子计算机（尽管我们有一些想法）。一个成熟的量子信息处理技术很可能会使用（除其他外）光，因为光子是量子信息的理想载体。这些笔记是我在2007年1月14日至24日在德班的理论物理暑期学校上关于用光制造量子计算机的可能性的五个讲座的扩展版本。有相当多的利用光进行量子计算的提议，我在这里只能强调几个。我将专注于光子量子比特，并完全省略连续变量。我假设读者熟悉基本的量子力学和介绍性的量子计算。
英文摘要：
A quantum computer is a machine that can perform certain calculations much faster than a classical computer by using the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum computers do not exist yet, because it is extremely difficult to control quantum mechanical systems to the necessary degree. What is more, we do at this moment not know which physical system is the best suited for making a quantum computer (although we have some ideas). It is likely that a mature quantum information processing technology will use (among others) light, because photons are ideal carriers for quantum information. These notes are an expanded version of the five lectures I gave on the possibility of making a quantum computer using light, at the Summer School in Theoretical Physics in Durban, 14-24 January, 2007. There are quite a few proposals using light for quantum computing, and I can highlight only a few here. I will focus on photonic qubits, and leave out continuous variables completely. I assume that the reader is familiar with basic quantum mechanics and introductory quantum computing.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
