流体中Casimir-Lifshitz力的精确测量
Precision measurement of the Casimir-Lifshitz force in a fluid
摘要：
Casimir力是由电磁场的量子力学零点涨落限制而产生的，近年来由于其对微纳米尺度力学系统的影响而受到广泛关注。除了少数例外，实验观察一直局限于真空或空气中相互作用的导电体。然而，当介入介质不是真空时，在某些情况下，金属和金属之间预计会存在包括排斥力在内的有趣现象。为了更好地理解Casimir力在这种情况下的效果，并测试广义Casimir-Lifshitz理论的鲁棒性，我们已经进行了第一次精确测量的Casimir力之间的两个金属浸没在流体中。在这种情况下，测得的力是吸引力，比Casimir预测的真空中理想金属的力小约80%。我们目前的实验结果，并发现他们是符合Lifshitz的理论。
英文摘要：
The Casimir force, which results from the confinement of the quantum mechanical zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic fields, has received significant attention in recent years for its effect on micro- and nano-scale mechanical systems. With few exceptions, experimental observations have been limited to conductive bodies interacting separated by vacuum or air. However, interesting phenomena including repulsive forces are expected to exist in certain circumstances between metals and dielectrics when the intervening medium is not vacuum. In order to better understand the effect of the Casimir force in such situations and to test the robustness of the generalized Casimir-Lifshitz theory, we have performed the first precision measurements of the Casimir force between two metals immersed in a fluid. For this situation, the measured force is attractive and is approximately 80% smaller than the force predicted by Casimir for ideal metals in vacuum. We present experimental results and find them to be consistent with Lifshitz's theory.
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