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arXiv 0705.3431astro-ph
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晚型红超巨星:对麦哲伦星云来说太酷了?

Late-Type Red Supergiants: Too Cool for the Magellanic Clouds?

Emily M. Levesque, Philip Massey, K. A. G. Olsen, Bertrand Plez

摘要:

我们已经在大麦云云(LMC)中发现了7颗红超巨星(RSG),在小麦哲伦云(SMC)中发现了4颗RSG,所有这些RSG的光谱类型都比它们的母星系中观察到的平均类型晚得多。使用中等分辨率的光学分光光度计和MARCS恒星大气模型,我们确定了它们的物理性质,并将它们放在H-R图上与当前恒星演化轨迹的预测进行比较。这些恒星的径向速度表明它们可能都是星云的成员,而不是前景矮星或晕巨星。它们在H-R图中的位置也向我们表明,这些恒星的温度比当前演化轨迹所允许的要低,出现在Hayashi极限的右边,在这个区域中,恒星不再处于流体动力学平衡状态。这些恒星的V星等表现出相当大的变化,其中三颗恒星的有效温度(和光谱类型)也在月的时间尺度上发生变化。其中一颗恒星,[M2002] SMC 055188,被捕获在M4.5 I状态,与HV 11423最近的极端状态一样晚:比SMC中的任何其他超巨星都要晚得多,而且温度更低。此外,我们发现了由于星周尘埃和恒星光度变化而导致的可变消光的证据,这也与我们最近对HV 11423的发现一致-当这些恒星更热时,它们也更脏,更亮。我们认为,这些恒星具有不寻常的性质,因为它们处于不稳定的(和短暂的)演化阶段。

英文摘要:

We have identified seven red supergiants (RSGs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and four RSGs in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), all of which have spectral types that are considerably later than the average type observed in their parent galaxy. Using moderate-resolution optical spectrophotometry and the MARCS stellar atmosphere models, we determine their physical properties and place them on the H-R diagram for comparison with the predictions of current stellar evolutionary tracks. The radial velocities of these stars suggest that they are likely all members of the Clouds rather than foreground dwarfs or halo giants. Their locations in the H-R diagram also show us that those stars are cooler than the current evolutionary tracks allow, appearing to the right of the Hayashi limit, a region in which stars are no longer in hydrodynamic equilibrium. These stars exhibit considerable variability in their V magnitudes, and three of these stars also show changes in their effective temperatures (and spectral types) on the time-scales of months. One of these stars, [M2002] SMC 055188, was caught in an M4.5 I state, as late as that seen in HV 11423 at its recent extreme: considerable later, and cooler, than any other supergiant in the SMC. In addition, we find evidence of variable extinction due to circumstellar dust and changes in the stars' luminosities, also consistent with our recent findings for HV 11423 - when these stars are hotter they are also dustier and more luminous. We suggest that these stars have unusual properties because they are in an unstable (and short-lived) evolutionary phase.

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