山坡含水量对下坡饱和度的依赖性
Dependence of hillslope moisture content on downhill saturation
摘要：
本文导出了理想薄封闭层中横向下坡水分流动的稳定平衡，作为一维理查兹方程的解。平衡由两个自由参数决定：下坡通量和边界条件。对于恒定的平衡通量，溶液表现出恒定的下坡流速和水分含量，平衡通量是两者的乘积。然而，在存在代表边界条件的固定饱和度的隔离区的情况下，立即上坡的流速减小，并且水分含量相应地增加以保持恒定的平衡通量。在饱和区的毛细头跳跃产生一个阻塞，通过由平衡条件确定的汇集距离，使高水分含量回到上坡，下坡通量恒定。在我们的数值积分，垂直投影汇集高度是超过10公里的混合粉质或粘土中的完全饱和区，但减少了约一个数量级，每减少10%的边界区饱和度。下坡饱和区的干燥与山区水分外流的速度增加和相应的山区水分含量的减少给出了一个可行的解释，神秘的~69%的下落不明的泉水流出中看到的La Luz / Fresnal流域在阿拉莫戈多的上游弹簧箱改道在美国新墨西哥州东南部半干旱。
英文摘要：
We derive steady equilibria for lateral downslope moisture flow in an idealized thin closed layer as a solution to the 1D Richards' Equation. The equilibria are determined by two free parameters: the downslope flux and a boundary condition. Solutions exhibit a constant downslope flow speed and moisture content for the constant equilibrium flux, which is the product of the two. However where an isolated zone of fixed saturation degree exists representing a boundary condition, the flow speed immediately upslope is reduced and the moisture content correspondingly increased to preserve the constant equilibrium flux. The capillary head jump at the saturated zone produces a blockage that gives a high moisture content back upslope through a pooling distance determined by the equilibrium condition that the downslope flux is constant. In our numerical integrations, the vertically projected pooling height is more than 10 km for a fully saturated zone in mixed silty or clay soils, but decreases by about an order of magnitude with every 10% decrease in the boundary-zone saturation degree. The drying of downhill saturated zones with the increased speed of mountain moisture outflow and corresponding decreased mountain moisture content gives a viable explanation for the mysterious ~69% unaccounted drop seen in the spring outflow in the La Luz / Fresnal Watershed at Alamogordo's upstream spring-box diversions in the semiarid southeastern New Mexico USA.
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