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arXiv 0705.2021astro-ph
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宽双星半长轴的频率分布。宇宙演化与动力学演化

The Frequency Distribution of Semi-major Axis of Wide Binaries. Cosmogony and Dynamical Evolution

A. Poveda, C. Allen, A. Hernandez-Alcantara

摘要:

双星系统和复双星系统的半长轴频率分布f(a)、偏心率和质量比包含了有关恒星形成过程和动力学历史的宝贵化石信息。为了加深对这些问题的理解,我们对各种已出版的星表中宽双星(a>25 AU)的频率分布f(a)以及我们自己的星表(Poveda等人,1994; Allen等人,Poveda & Hernandez,2003)。在此基础上,我们确定了频率f(a)是系统年龄的函数,在100 AU < a < a[c](t)范围内服从Oepik分布f(a)~ 1/a,其中a[c](t)是临界半长轴,超过该轴,双星与大质量天体相遇而解离。我们认为,分布f(a)~ 1/a背后的物理是一个能量弛豫过程,类似于目前在星团(长期弛豫)或在球形星系(暴力弛豫)。三重系统中质量比的频率分布以及逃逸星的存在表明,这两种类型的弛豫在双星和多星形成过程中都很重要。

英文摘要:

The frequency distribution f(a) of semi-major axis of double and multiple systems, as well as their eccentricities and mass ratios, contain valuable fossil information about the process of star formation and the dynamical history of the systems. In order to advance in the understanding of these questions, we have made an extensive analysis of the frequency distribution f (a) for wide binaries (a>25 AU) in the various published catalogues, as well as in our own (Poveda et al., 1994; Allen et al., 2000; Poveda & Hernandez, 2003). Based upon all these studies we have established that the frequency f(a) is function of the age of the system and follows Oepik's distribution f(a) ~ 1/a in the range of 100 AU < a < a[c](t), where a[c](t) is a critical semi-major axis beyond which binaries have dissociated by encounters with massive objects. We argue that the physics behind the distribution f(a) ~ 1/a is a process of energy relaxation, analogous to that present in stellar clusters (secular relaxation) or in spherical galaxies (violent relaxation). The frequency distribution of mass ratios in triple systems as well as the existence of runaway stars, indicate that both types of relaxation are important in the process of binary and multiple star formation.

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