小行星偏转：如何，何时何地？
Asteroid Deflection: How, where and when?
摘要：
要使质量为km^3的旋转小行星的撞击轨迹偏转几个地球半径，就需要进行大的动量交换。用外部发动机拖动巨大的旋转物体在太空中似乎是困难的或不可能的。我们的解决方案是基于多螺旋火箭的着陆，由小型核发动机提供动力，在身体上，挖掘一小部分土壤表面，用作排气推进器，在它们之间垂直喷射。这样的质量喷射增加了动量交换，它们的数量冗余保证了系统的稳定性。在这些最低重力场下，每个发动机单元的缓慢着陆（低于40 cm·s^-1）可以通过沿表面的滚动和弹跳来实现。发动机阵列调谐活动，克服小行星的角速度。射流头的相干转动增加了偏转效率。沿着它的表面游行最多可以补偿小行星的旋转。小型核发动机可以喷射出较小的表面质量（约2 × 104吨）。这样的原型也可能为月球上的人类建立第一个保存画廊。可以在遥远的小行星上进行决定性的偏转试验。即将到来的小行星99942阿波菲斯（只有2%的km^3）可能会安全地偏转几个地球半径。描述了如何标记其轨迹。它的遭遇可能不仅仅是一个危险，而是一个机会，学习如何降落，挖掘，建造，以及如何在里面筑巢拯救人类。小行星因重力摆动而放大的偏转可能会被驱动到最长的行星旅程中。火星之旅可能受益于火卫一天然小行星的停车和加油作用。
英文摘要：
To deflect impact-trajectory of massive km^3 and spinning asteroid by a few terrestrial radius one need a large momentum exchange. The dragging of huge spinning bodies in space by external engine seems difficult or impossible. Our solution is based on the landing of multi screw-rockets, powered by mini-nuclear engines, on the body, that dig a small fraction of the soil surface, to use as an exhaust propeller, ejecting it vertically in phase among themselves. Such a mass ejection increases the momentum exchange, their number redundancy guarantees the stability of the system. The slow landing (below 40 cm s^-1) of each engine-unity at those lowest gravity field, may be achieved by save rolling and bouncing along the surface. The engine array tuned activity, overcomes the asteroid angular velocity. Coherent turning of the jet heads increases the deflection efficiency. A procession along its surface may compensate at best the asteroid spin. A small skin-mass (about 2 10^4 tons) may be ejected by mini nuclear engines. Such prototypes may also build first save galleries for humans on the Moon. Conclusive deflecting tests might be performed on remote asteroids. The incoming asteroid 99942 Apophis (just 2% of km^3) may be deflected safely a few Earth radius. How to tag its trajectory is described. Its encounter maybe not just a hazard but an opportunity, learning how to land, dig, build and also to nest save human station inside. Asteroids amplified deflections by gravity swing maybe driven into longest planetary journeys. Mars journey may benefict by Phobos natural asteroid parking and fueling role.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
