斯皮策太空望远镜对SN 2003 gd的研究：仍然没有直接证据表明核心塌陷超新星是主要的尘埃工厂
A Spitzer Space Telescope Study of SN 2003gd: Still No Direct Evidence that Core-Collapse Supernovae are Major Dust Factories
摘要：
我们对II-P型超新星（SN）2003 gd的后期中红外（IR）观测进行了新的详细分析。在爆炸后约16个月，中红外线通量与喷出物中新凝聚的尘埃的4 x 10^（-5）M（太阳）辐射一致。在22个月时，在8微米和24微米处检测到靠近SN位置的点状源的发射。到42个月时，24微米的通量已经褪色。考虑到光度和源的大小，排除SN 2003 gd的喷出物是22个月发射的主要来源。另一种可能的解释是，在这个较晚的时期，来自先前存在的星周或星际尘埃的红外回波。我们的结论是，与Sugerman等人（2006，Science，313，196）的说法相反，SN 2003 gd的中红外辐射不支持喷出物中存在0.02 M（太阳）新形成的尘埃。到目前为止，还没有直接的证据表明核心坍缩的超新星是主要的尘埃工厂。
英文摘要：
We present a new, detailed analysis of late-time mid-infrared (IR) observations of the Type II-P supernova (SN) 2003gd. At about 16 months after the explosion, the mid-IR flux is consistent with emission from 4 x 10^(-5) M(solar) of newly condensed dust in the ejecta. At 22 months emission from point-like sources close to the SN position was detected at 8 microns and 24 microns. By 42 months the 24 micron flux had faded. Considerations of luminosity and source size rule out the ejecta of SN 2003gd as the main origin of the emission at 22 months. A possible alternative explanation for the emission at this later epoch is an IR echo from pre-existing circumstellar or interstellar dust. We conclude that, contrary to the claim of Sugerman et al. (2006, Science, 313, 196), the mid-IR emission from SN 2003gd does not support the presence of 0.02 M(solar) of newly formed dust in the ejecta. There is, as yet, no direct evidence that core-collapse supernovae are major dust factories.
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