双色夸克物质中的Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell态
Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell state in two-color quark matter
摘要：
本文在夸克化学势μ q和同位旋化学势μ I空间中研究了双色双味QCD的相结构。利用平均场模型，我们计算了手征和双夸克凝聚，σ和Δ，自洽。在弱耦合和手征极限下，我们确定了同位旋化学势的区间为0.71Δ 0 <μ I<0.75Δ 0，在此区间内，单平面波Lartin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell（LOFF）相比各向同性超流性和正常夸克物质更有利. LOFF窗口在高密度下变得稍微更宽。对于较强的耦合与非零夸克质量，这是相关的，目前可用的数值模拟在格子双色QCD，单平面波LOFF相位出现只有在足够高的密度。由于我们可以证明本系统不存在费米子符号问题，因此可以用格点来检验对LOFF区域的预测。我们绘制了能量景观，其中局部极小值对应于各向同性超流相和LOFF相，局部极大值对应于无间隙相。我们的结果清楚地说明了从不稳定的无隙相到LOFF相的路径。
英文摘要：
We explore the phase structure of two-color and two-flavor QCD in the space of the quark chemical potential μ_q and the isospin chemical potential μ_I. Using a mean-field model we calculate the chiral and diquark condensates, σand Δ, self-consistently. In weak coupling and in the chiral limit, we confirm the interval of the isospin chemical potential, 0.71Δ_0<μ_I<0.75Δ_0, in which a single plane-wave Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) phase is favored over isotropic superfluidity and normal quark matter. The LOFF window becomes slightly wider at high density. For stronger coupling with nonzero quark mass, which is relevant to currently available numerical simulations in lattice two-color QCD, the single plane-wave LOFF phase appears only at sufficiently high density. The prediction obtained for the LOFF region could be tested with lattice since we can prove that the present system is free from the fermion sign problem. We draw the energy landscape on which local minima corresponding to the isotropic superfluid phase and the LOFF phase and a local maximum corresponding to the gapless phase are manifest. Our results clearly illustrate the path from the the unstable gapless phase down to the LOFF phase.
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