短周期太阳系外气体巨行星的大气动力学I：夜侧温度对不透明度的依赖
Atmospheric Dynamics of Short-period Extra Solar Gas Giant Planets I: Dependence of Night-Side Temperature on Opacity
摘要：
近年来，在附近的太阳型恒星周围发现了20多颗短周期气体巨行星，其中一些经历了凌日，使它们成为探测和表征其大气层的理想选择。本文采用三维辐射流体动力学数值方法模拟了近距离气态巨行星的大气环流。与传统的GCM和浅水算法相比，该方法不假设准流体静力平衡，它近似从光学薄到厚的区域与通量限制扩散的辐射传输。在本系列的第一篇论文中，我们考虑了同步旋转的气体巨星。我们表明，一个完整的三维治疗，再加上旋转修改的流量和辐射的准确治疗，产生一个明确的温度过渡在终结者。基于一系列不同不透明度的数值模拟，我们表明，夜侧温度是行星大气不透明度的一个强有力的指标。保持大的星际不透明度的行星大气将表现出大的昼夜温差，而由于广泛的颗粒生长和沉积而减少大气不透明度的行星将在整个光球层中表现出更均匀的温度。除了数值结果，我们提出了一个四区解析近似来解释这种依赖性。
英文摘要：
More than two dozen short-period Jupiter-mass gas giant planets have been discovered around nearby solar-type stars in recent years, several of which undergo transits, making them ideal for the detection and characterization of their atmospheres. Here we adopt a three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamical numerical scheme to simulate atmospheric circulation on close-in gas giant planets. In contrast to the conventional GCM and shallow water algorithms, this method does not assume quasi hydrostatic equilibrium and it approximates radiation transfer from optically thin to thick regions with flux-limited diffusion. In the first paper of this series, we consider synchronously-spinning gas giants. We show that a full three-dimensional treatment, coupled with rotationally modified flows and an accurate treatment of radiation, yields a clear temperature transition at the terminator. Based on a series of numerical simulations with varying opacities, we show that the night-side temperature is a strong indicator of the opacity of the planetary atmosphere. Planetary atmospheres that maintain large, interstellar opacities will exhibit large day-night temperature differences, while planets with reduced atmospheric opacities due to extensive grain growth and sedimentation will exhibit much more uniform temperatures throughout their photosphere's. In addition to numerical results, we present a four-zone analytic approximation to explain this dependence.
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