三维驱动颗粒气体的类范德华相分离不稳定性
van der Waals-like phase separation instability of a driven granular gas in three dimensions
摘要：
我们表明，范德华力的驱动颗粒状气体在零重力，以前在二维设置中研究的相分离不稳定性，在三维中持续存在。本文研究了在失重条件下，单分散颗粒气体受三维矩形容器热壁驱动的问题。该系统的基本稳定状态，所描述的颗粒流体动力学方程，涉及一个更密集和更冷的层位于壁对面的驱动壁。当非弹性能量损失足够大时，在一定的平均密度范围内，被驱动颗粒气体在平行于驱动壁的方向上表现出负压缩性。当容器的横向尺寸足够大时，负压缩性引起基本稳态的自发对称性破缺和相分离不稳定性。事件驱动的分子动力学模拟证实并补充了我们的理论预测。
英文摘要：
We show that the van der Waals-like phase separation instability of a driven granular gas at zero gravity, previously investigated in two-dimensional settings, persists in three dimensions. We consider a monodisperse granular gas driven by a thermal wall of a three-dimensional rectangular container at zero gravity. The basic steady state of this system, as described by granular hydrodynamic equations, involves a denser and colder layer of granulate located at the wall opposite to the driving wall. When the inelastic energy loss is sufficiently high, the driven granular gas exhibits, in some range of average densities, negative compressibility in the directions parallel to the driving wall. When the lateral dimensions of the container are sufficiently large, the negative compressibility causes spontaneous symmetry breaking of the basic steady state and a phase separation instability. Event-driven molecular dynamics simulations confirm and complement our theoretical predictions.
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