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arXiv 0704.3100astro-ph
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星系质量-金属丰度关系的起源及其对星系外流的启示

The Origin of the Galaxy Mass-Metallicity Relation and Implications for Galactic Outflows

K. Finlator, R. Dave

摘要:

(摘要)使用宇宙学流体动力学模拟结合分析建模,我们表明,星系恒星质量-金属丰度关系(MZR)提供了强有力的约束星系流出整个宇宙时间。我们比较了三种外流模型:无外流,模拟流行的Dekel & Silk(1986)情景的“恒定风”(cw)模型,以及"动量驱动风”(vzw)模型。我们发现只有vzw标度再现了观测到的z~2 MZR的斜率、振幅和散射。通过与简单的单区化学演化模型的比较,我们发现MZR可以用三个参数来理解:(1)平衡金属量Z_eq=y*SFR/ACC(其中y=真实产额),反映了恒星形成速率SFR和气体吸积速率ACC之间的富集平衡;(2)稀释时间t_d=M_g/ACC,代表星系在金属性扰动相互作用后回到Z_eq的时间尺度;(3)爆发质量M_bowl,即星系恒星质量超过M_bowl时,星系风可以逃离星系晕。当存在质量负荷因子为MLF的外流时,M_bowl以下的星系服从Z_eq = y/(1+MLF),M_bowl以上的星系服从Z_eq->y。我们的cw模型的M_bowl约为10^10 M_sun,这使得MZR在该尺度以上急剧上升,而在该尺度以下则是一个平坦的MZR,并有很大的散射,这与观测结果非常不一致。我们的vzw模型再现了观测到的Z_g \propto M_*^0.3,因为当MLF >> 1时(即在低质量时),Z_eq \propto MLF^-1 \propto M_*^1/3。Tremonti等人(2004)观测到的MZR在M_* > 10^10.5 M_sun时的扁平化反映了MLF~1时的质量尺度,而不是特征风速。当td <1动力学时间时,MZR散射的观测结果是严格的,这在我们的动量驱动风模型中是唯一满足的。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations in combination with analytic modeling, we show that the galaxy stellar mass-metallicity relation (MZR) provides strong constraints on galactic outflows across cosmic time. We compare three outflow models: No outflows, a "constant wind" (cw) model that emulates the popular Dekel & Silk (1986) scenario, and a ``momentum-driven wind" (vzw) model. We find that only the vzw scaling reproduces the observed z~2 MZR's slope, amplitude, and scatter. Comparing our fully three-dimensional simulations with a simple one-zone chemical evolution model, we find that the MZR can be understood in terms of three parameters: (1) The equilibrium metallicity Z_eq=y*SFR/ACC (where y=true yield), reflecting the enrichment balance between star formation rate SFR and gas accretion rate ACC; (2) the dilution time t_d=M_g/ACC, representing the timescale for a galaxy to return to Z_eq after a metallicity-perturbing interaction; and (3) the blowout mass M_blowout, which is the galaxy stellar mass above which winds can escape its halo. When outflows with mass loading factor MLF are present, galaxies below M_blowout obey Z_eq = y/(1+MLF), while above M_blowout, Z_eq->y. Our cw model has M_blowout ~ 10^10 M_sun, which yields a sharp upturn in the MZR above this scale and a flat MZR with large scatter below it, in strong disagreement with observations. Our vzw model reproduces the observed Z_g \propto M_*^0.3 because Z_eq \propto MLF^-1 \propto M_*^1/3 when MLF >> 1 (i.e. at low masses). The flattening of the MZR at M_* > 10^10.5 M_sun observed by Tremonti et al. (2004) reflects the mass scale where MLF~1, rather than a characteristic wind speed. The tight observed MZR scatter is ensured when t_d<1 dynamical time, which is only satisified at all masses and epochs in our momentum-driven wind model.

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