用SIM和HIPPARCOS寻找太阳系类似物：ExoPlanet工作组白皮书
Finding Solar System Analogs With SIM and HIPPARCOS: A White Paper for the ExoPlanet Task Force
摘要：
一颗行星在其主星上的天体测量特征随着周期的延长而显著增加（与P^2/3成比例），因此原则上长周期行星更容易被探测到。例如，一颗太阳质量（M_Sun）的恒星会被一颗周期为100年、距离为20 pc、质量为100亿光年的行星（M_J）拉大约1个质量。这样的定位精度现在可以通过地面和空间望远镜获得。困难在于，通常需要几十年的时间才能发现位置的变化。然而，到下一代天体测量任务（如SIM）开始获取数据时，距离第一个天体测量任务HIPPARCOS已经过去了几十年。在这里，我们建议使用一种新的天体测量方法，采用未来的，高度准确的SIM快速查看调查和希柏谷数据采取了二十年前。该方法利用4 μ a的SIM位置误差，可以探测和表征周期长达240（500）年的太阳系类似物（SOSA），其中有1（10）个M_J伴星。由于可以通过这种方式对数万颗附近的恒星进行调查，并且花费的SIM时间不多，而且SOSA可能相当丰富，因此我们预计将发现数百颗具有长周期轨道的太阳系外行星。这样的数据集将很好地补充了径向速度方法发现的短周期系统。如果棕矮星和低质量伴星的周期短于500年，它们就可以被发现并被定性。该数据集将为行星形成模型提供宝贵的约束条件，并为巨行星的位置允许在宜居带形成低质量行星的系统提供数据库。[摘要]
英文摘要：
The astrometric signature imposed by a planet on its primary increases substantially towards longer periods (proportinal to P^2/3), so that long-period planets can be more easily detected, in principle. For example, a one Solar-mass (M_Sun) star would be pulled by roughly 1 mas by a one Jupiter-mass (M_J) planet with a period of one-hundred years at a distance of 20 pc. Such position accuracies can now be obtained with both ground-based and space-based telescopes. The difficulty was that it often takes many decades before a detectable position shift will occur. However, by the time the next generation of astrometric missions such as SIM will be taking data, several decades will have past since the first astrometric mission, HIPPARCOS. Here we propose to use a new astrometric method that employs a future, highly accurate SIM Quick-Look survey and HIPPARCOS data taken twenty years prior. Using position errors for SIM of 4 muas, this method enables the detection and characterization of Solar-system analogs (SOSAs) with periods up to 240 (500) years for 1 (10) M_J companions. Because many tens of thousands nearby stars can be surveyed this way for a modest expenditure of SIM time and SOSAs may be quite abundant, we expect to find many hundreds of extra-solar planets with long-period orbits. Such a data set would nicely complement the short-period systems found by the radial-velocity method. Brown dwarfs and low-mass stellar companions can be found and characterized if their periods are shorter than about 500 years. This data set will provide invaluable constraints on models of planet formation, as well as a database for systems where the location of the giant planets allow for the formation of low-mass planets in the habitable zone. [Abridged]
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