多样性好吗？
Is diversity good?
摘要：
一些突出的伦理和政策问题，如平权行动和女性在科学和工程领域的入学率，都围绕着多样性是好的这一观点。然而，尽管多样性是一个模糊的概念，但很少提供准确的定义。我们表明，多样性可以被解释为一种事实描述、对对称的渴望、内在的善、工具性的善、症状或副作用。这些接受在其性质和属性上有很大的不同。第一个不能导致任何行动，第二个是错误的。多样性作为内在善仅仅是一种意见，不能具体应用;此外，最常被援引的多样性形式（性别和种族）本质上并不是善的。另一方面，多样性作为一种有益的工具，可以根据经验加以评估，并可产生政策，但这些政策可能非常薄弱。最后，症状和副作用实际上与多样性无关。我们认为，在科学和工程的女性入学的例子，解释在文献中发现的各种论点，在这种多义词。关键词：伦理，政策，高等教育，女学生，少数民族学生，平权行动
英文摘要：
Prominent ethical and policy issues such as affirmative action and female enrollment in science and engineering revolve around the idea that diversity is good. However, even though diversity is an ambiguous concept, a precise definition is seldom provided. We show that diversity may be construed as a factual description, a craving for symmetry, an intrinsic good, an instrumental good, a symptom, or a side effect. These acceptions differ vastly in their nature and properties. The first one cannot lead to any action and the second one is mistaken. Diversity as intrinsic good is a mere opinion, which cannot be concretely applied; moreover, the most commonly invoked forms of diversity (sexual and racial) are not intrinsically good. On the other hand, diversity as instrumental good can be evaluated empirically and can give rise to policies, but these may be very weak. Finally, symptoms and side effects are not actually about diversity. We consider the example of female enrollment in science and engineering, interpreting the various arguments found in the literature in light of this polysemy. Keywords: ethics, policy, higher education, female students, minority students, affirmative action
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