色球耀斑谱线不对称性的观测与模拟
Observations and Modeling of Line Asymmetries in Chromospheric Flares
摘要：
多年来，人们经常观测到由太阳耀斑发射的不同谱线的各种不对称轮廓。这些不对称性或线位移主要是由耀斑层中的垂直质量运动引起的，它们为太阳耀斑期间的等离子体流提供了良好的诊断。太阳色球耀斑等离子体流的观测和理论分析有许多有争议的结果。主要的困难是解释谱线的移动或不对称。多年来，使用基于平分线技术的方法，但它们仅在某些特定条件下给出可靠的结果，并且在大多数情况下不能应用。最有前途的方法是使用非LTE技术应用于燃烧大气。用辐射转移技术计算合成谱线，并假定物理条件与燃烧大气相对应。我将介绍色球耀斑谱线不对称性的不同观测和解释的概述。我将解释我们在流体动力学模型和重联模型的框架下所了解到的色球蒸发。本文将对用于推导光学厚色球谱线多普勒频移的经典方法进行严格的评述。特别是，将介绍基于非LTE技术解释色球线不对称性的新方法的细节。
英文摘要：
For many years various asymmetrical profiles of different spectral lines emitted from solar flares have been frequently observed. These asymmetries or line shifts are caused predominantly by vertical mass motions in flaring layers and they provide a good diagnostics for plasma flows during solar flares. There are many controversial results of observations and theoretical analysis of plasma flows in solar chromospheric flares. The main difficulty is the interpretation of line shifts or asymmetries. For many years, methods based on bisector techniques were used but they give a reliable results only for some specific conditions and in most cases cannot be applied. The most promising approach is to use the non-LTE techniques applied for flaring atmosphere. The calculation of synthetic line profiles is performed with the radiative transfer techniques and the assumed physical conditions correspond to flaring atmosphere. I will present an overview of different observations and interpretations of line asymmetries in chromospheric flares. I will explain what we have learnt about the chromospheric evaporation in the frame of hydrodynamical models as well as reconnection models. A critical review will be done on the classical methods used to derive Doppler-shifts for optically thick chomospheric lines. In particular, details on the new approach for interpreting chromospheric line asymmetries based on the non-LTE techniques will be presented.
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