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arXiv 0704.2232hep-phhep-ex
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作为粒子质量基础的自发对称性破缺

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking as a Basis of Particle Mass

Chris Quigg

备注：
43 pages, 18 figures, uses IOP macros (included); two typos corrected
发表信息：
Rept.Prog.Phys.70:1019-1054,2007
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摘要：

电弱理论将电磁学与弱力结合在一个单一的量子场论中，将两种表现形式如此不同的基本相互作用归因于一个共同的对称性原理。电弱规范对称性如何被隐藏是粒子物理学面临的最紧迫和最具挑战性的问题之一。粒子物理学的“标准模型“中包含了希格斯、布劳特和恩格勒特以及古拉尔尼克、哈根和基布尔在20世纪60年代提出的临时答案：电弱对称性破缺的媒介是一个基本的标量场，它的自相互作用选择了一个真空态，在这个真空态中，完全的电弱对称性被隐藏起来，留下了电磁学的剩余相位对称性。通过类比超导相变的迈斯纳效应，众所周知，希格斯机制赋予弱力载流子W和Z质量。它也为夸克和轻子打开了质量之门，并塑造了我们周围的世界。这是一个很好的故事--尽管是一个不完整的故事--我们不知道这个故事有多少是真实的。在接下来的十年里，探索费米尺度（1 TeV左右的能量范围）的实验将对电弱理论进行决定性的检验，并可能发现构建更令人满意的电弱理论所需的新元素。这篇文章的目的是通过报告我们所知道的和我们需要知道的来搭建舞台，并设置一些“大问题”来指导我们的探索。

英文摘要：

Electroweak theory joins electromagnetism with the weak force in a single quantum field theory, ascribing the two fundamental interactions--so different in their manifestations--to a common symmetry principle. How the electroweak gauge symmetry is hidden is one of the most urgent and challenging questions facing particle physics. The provisional answer incorporated in the "standard model" of particle physics was formulated in the 1960s by Higgs, by Brout & Englert, and by Guralnik, Hagen & Kibble: The agent of electroweak symmetry breaking is an elementary scalar field whose self-interactions select a vacuum state in which the full electroweak symmetry is hidden, leaving a residual phase symmetry of electromagnetism. By analogy with the Meissner effect of the superconducting phase transition, the Higgs mechanism, as it is commonly known, confers masses on the weak force carriers W and Z. It also opens the door to masses for the quarks and leptons, and shapes the world around us. It is a good story--though an incomplete story--and we do not know how much of the story is true. Experiments that explore the Fermi scale (the energy regime around 1 TeV) during the next decade will put the electroweak theory to decisive test, and may uncover new elements needed to construct a more satisfying completion of the electroweak theory. The aim of this article is to set the stage by reporting what we know and what we need to know, and to set some "Big Questions" that will guide our explorations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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