太阳系外行星的射电天体测量探测和特征描述：提交给NSF ExoPlanet任务组的白皮书
Radio Astrometric Detection and Characterization of Extra-Solar Planets: A White Paper Submitted to the NSF ExoPlanet Task Force
摘要：
无线电干涉测量的非凡天体测量精度为发现和描述系外行星创造了一个重要而独特的机会。目前，甚长基线阵列可以常规地达到优于100微弧秒的精度，并且可以通过仔细校准接近10微弧秒。我们在这里描述RIPL，无线电干涉测量Planet搜索，一个新的计划与VLBA和绿岸100米望远镜，将调查29个低质量，活跃的恒星在3年内与亚木星行星质量灵敏度在1 AU。VLBA带宽的升级将使天体测量精度提高一个数量级。最终，平方公里阵列的巨大收集区域可以将天体测量精度提高到1微弧秒，使探测和表征地球质量的行星成为可能。RIPL和其他未来的射电天体测量行星搜索在行星发现和特征参数空间中占据了独特的空间。天体测量搜索的参数空间比径向速度搜索对大半径行星具有更大的敏感性。对于VLBA和扩展VLBA，射电天体测量的目标必然是附近的低质量活跃恒星，这些恒星不能通过径向速度法、日冕测量或光学干涉测量有效地研究。对于SKA，探测灵敏度将扩展到太阳型恒星。通过射电天体测量方法发现的行星将适合于通过极端自适应光学进行表征。射电天体测量技术与其他方法的互补性表明，射电天体测量可以在系外行星发现和表征的路线图中发挥重要作用。
英文摘要：
The extraordinary astrometric accuracy of radio interferometry creates an important and unique opportunity for the discovery and characterization of exo-planets. Currently, the Very Long Baseline Array can routinely achieve better than 100 microarcsecond accuracy, and can approach 10 microarcsecond with careful calibration. We describe here RIPL, the Radio Interferometric PLanet search, a new program with the VLBA and the Green Bank 100 m telescope that will survey 29 low-mass, active stars over 3 years with sub-Jovian planet mass sensitivity at 1 AU. An upgrade of the VLBA bandwidth will increase astrometric accuracy by an order of magnitude. Ultimately, the colossal collecting area of the Square Kilometer Array could push astrometric accuracy to 1 microarcsecond, making detection and characterizaiton of Earth mass planets possible. RIPL and other future radio astrometric planet searches occupy a unique volume in planet discovery and characterization parameter space. The parameter space of astrometric searches gives greater sensitivity to planets at large radii than radial velocity searches. For the VLBA and the expanded VLBA, the targets of radio astrometric surveys are by necessity nearby, low-mass, active stars, which cannot be studied efficiently through the radial velocity method, coronagraphy, or optical interferometry. For the SKA, detection sensitivity will extend to solar-type stars. Planets discovered through radio astrometric methods will be suitable for characterization through extreme adaptive optics. The complementarity of radio astrometric techniques with other methods demonstrates that radio astrometry can play an important role in the roadmap for exoplanet discovery and characterization.
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